Even if treated quickly, meningococcal disease can cause longterm problems or be deadly. Meningitis dapat menyebabkan kematian karena radang yang. Le staa descovert in del 1880 del dottor giovanni battista ughetti. Diagnosis, initial management, and prevention of meningitis. Meningococcal disease is a serious infection caused by serotypes a, b, c, w5 and y of the bacteria, neisseria meningitidis. Meningococcal disease neisseria meningitidis disease. Epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of. It can be found in about 28% of humans that are carriers of the bacteria in a normal setting. Pdf neisseria meningitidis susceptibility in northcameroon. The investigation shall include collecting case information, obtaining laboratory. The average annual rate of invasive disease such as meningitis, meningococcemia, and arthritis is approximately 1.
Invasion results in bacteremia, with possible progression to sepsis, meningitis, and death. Vaccine potential of the neisseria meningitidis 2086 lipoprotein. Pdf penyakit meningokokus adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh bakteri neisseria meningitidis yang dikenal sebagai. Neisseria meningitidis is the one with the potential to cause large epidemics. Neisseria meningitidis is a gramnegative, either an encapsulated or unencapsulated, aerobic diplococcus with a kidney or coffeebean shape.
Two distinct age groups show peak incidence of disease. The neisseria meningitidis adhesion regulatory protein. Meningitidis mainly resides in the nose and throat of humans. It has a high mortality rate if untreated but is vaccinepreventable. The epidemiology of meningococcal disease varies by geography and time. The bacteria is found in much higher percentages in. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup x in subsaharan africa. This bacteriology lecture will explain the general properties of neisseria meningitidis and it also explains the disease, pathogenesis, and treatment of neisseria meningitidis infection. The disease usually comes on quickly with severe headaches, high fever, pain and stiffness of the neck, back, and shoulders and nausea follows shortly after all of these. Feb 12, 2010 neisseria meningitidis meningococcus dr kamran afzal slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Mortality can be very high if the infection is not treated appropriately, and longterm sequelae can be severe even in successfully managed cases.
Neisseria meningitidis infectious disease and antimicrobial agents. About 15% of people carry these bacteria in their throats without getting sick. This bacteria can also only grow where fatty acids and trace metals are also present. The bacteria are then able to invade the mucous membrane that lines the nasopharnyx. The bacteria are able to multiply and form a colony because of its ability to acquire iron from the host. Geographic distribution and epidemic potential differ according to serogroup. Neisseria meningitidis is a human pathogen that can infect diverse sites within the human host. Meningitidis that have cause epidemics around the world. The bacterium is referred to as a coccus because it is round, and more specifically, diplococcus because of its tendency to form pairs. Neisseria meningitidis is an aerobic, gramnegative diplococcus that causes meningococcal diseases such as meningococcemia and bacterial meningitis. Csf, blood are to be investigated in accordance with the communicable disease reporting rule 410 iac 12. Full text get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 384k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Pdf panduan deteksi dan respon penyakit meningitis.
Neisseria meningitidis is immediately reportable on first knowledge or suspicion of the diagnosis due to the potential need for prophylaxis of close contacts within 24 hours of suspected diagnosis suspicion is normally based on gram stain results see table on page 4. Penyebaran bakteri ini umumnya melalui pernapasan atau. Who guidelines for the treatment of neisseria gonorrhoeae. Meningococcal disease describes infections caused by the bacterium neisseria meningitidis also termed meningococcus.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae can be diagnosed by culture or nucleic acid amplification tests naats, and by gram stain in men with urethritis. The bacteria were allowed to adhere to polydlysinecoated glass and observed over a period of 60 s, with 12 images acquired per second. Meningococcal disease can refer to any illness that is caused by a type of bacteria called neisseria meningitidis. Virulence of these isolates in experimental mouse models. Meningococcemia is defined as dissemination of meningococci neisseria meningitidis into the bloodstream see the image below. There are a number of viral and bacterial causes of meningitis, but neisseria meningitidis is the most common cause of the more serious bacterial meningitis in children who are most susceptible to the disease, and one of the most common in adults. Rocephin children and adults two to 50 years of age. The neisseria meningitidis capsule is important for intracellular survival in human cells. See the article acute urethritis due to neisseria meningitidis group a acquired by orogenital contact. Meningitidis cannot grow at temperatures below 30c. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Some of the most common bacteria known to cause meningitis are described below.
Neisseria meningitidis has recently emerged as the leading cause of meningitis in children and young adults in the united states centers for disease control and prevention cdc, 2000. Wholegenome sequencing of neisseria meningitidis serogroup x isolates from subsaharan africa and europe showed that serogroup x emergence in subsaharan africa resulted from expansion of particular variants within clonal complex 181. Neisseria meningitidis haemophilus influenzae streptococcus pneumoniae streptococcus pyogenes group a strep neisseria meningitidis is immediately reportable on first knowledge or suspicion of the diagnosis due to the potential need for prophylaxis of close contacts within 24 hours of suspected diagnosis suspicion is. It is still a serious public health threat, particularly in african countries along the meningitis belt, where it periodically causes major epidemics. The distribution and frequency of these serogroups varies from region to region. Meningitis arises upon inflammation of the meninges, which consists of the membrane that envelops and protects the central nervous system. Neisseria meningitidis is immediately reportable on first knowledge or suspicion of the diagnosis due to the potential need for prophylaxis of close contacts within 24 hours of suspected diagnosis suspicion is.
N meningitidis antigen by ihc specify ihc specimen 1. Neisseria meningitidis is one of the most crucial causes of bacterial meningitis worldwide. Three species of bacteria, streptococcus pneumonia, haemophilus influenzae and neisseria meningitidis figure 1, are known to cause this infection. Penghitungan darah komplit adalah indeks umum terhadap kesehatan, serta memeriksa jumlah sel darah merah dan putih pada darah.
The remaining culturepositive episodes of meningitis comprised haemophilus in. It can grow on both a blood agar plate bap and a chocolate agar plate cap. Bakteri ini pertama kali diisolasi pada tahun 1887. Neisseria meningitidis meningococcus dr kamran afzal slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Neisseria meningitidis wikipedia bahasa indonesia, ensiklopedia. Neisseria meningitidis nm causes the majority of meningitis epidemics in africa, as well as the more severe meningococcal septicaemia. However, the incidence is highest in the late winter and early spring. Meningitis wikipedia bahasa indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas. While best known as a cause of meningitis, it can also result in sepsis, which is an even more damaging and dangerous condition. Neisseria meningitidis adalah bakteri gramnegatif penyebab penyakit meningitis dan meningococcemia. Endotoksin wikipedia bahasa indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas. When a single instance of neisseria meningitidis occurs, the state and county health departments work together to insure that appropriate contacts obtain antibiotics. Neisseria meningitidis the meningococcus is a fastidious gramnegative diplococcus that colonizes and invades only man. Population structure and capsular switching of invasive neisseria meningitidis isolates in the premeningococcal conjugate vaccine eraunited states, 20002005.
Neisseria meningitidis the meningococcus causes significant morbidity and mortality in children and young adults worldwide through epidemic or sporadic meningitis andor septicemia. Neisseria meningitidis will attach to the microvilli of nonciliated columnar epithelial cells that reside in the nasal region of humans. Pathogenesis and immunity article pdf available in current opinion in microbiology 23c. Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as meningococcus, is a gramnegative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a lifethreatening sepsis.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also known as gonococcus singular, or gonococci plural is a species of gramnegative diplococci bacteria isolated by albert neisser in 1879. The most common disease caused by neisseria meningitidis is meningococcal meningitis or more commonly known as bacterial meningitis. Only people who have been in close contact with saliva or respiratory. Chapter 7 identification and characterization of neisseria meningitidis. Appropriate suspending vehicle or syrup vehicle can be used for liquid suspension rifampin orders. Chapter 7 identification and characterization of neisseria. Neisseria meningitidis are bacteria that can cause meningococcal disease, a very severe form of meningitis andor blood infection. Bakteri ini dapat menghasilkan kapsul polisakarida dan enzim oksidase.
Neisseria menigitidis is a gramnegative, aerobic, nonmotile, nonsporeforming, oxidasepositive, catalasepositive coccus. Neisseria meningitidis is an obligate human pathogen that inhabits the upper respiratory tract, from which it occasionally disseminates, causing disease. Radang dapat disebabkan oleh infeksi oleh virus, bakteri, atau juga mikroorganisme lain, dan walaupun jarang dapat disebabkan oleh obat tertentu. Infection with neisseria meningitidis can produce a variety of clinical manifestations, ranging from transient fever and bacteremia to fulminant disease with death ensuing within hours of the onset of clinical symptoms. Meningitis atau radang selaput otak adalah radang pada membran yang menyelubungi otak dan sumsum tulang belakang, yang secara kesatuan disebut meningen. Part of the explanation for this phenomenon is the fact that meningitis due to neisseria meningitidis tends to strike young, previously well individuals and can progress over a matter of hours to death. Neisseria meningitidis nm or the meningococcus is a leading cause of meningitis and sepsis worldwide. It is quite contagious, and often spreads through groups of close quartered individuals such as. Ciprofloxacin, administered to adults in a single oral dose is effective in. Quick medical attention is extremely important if meningococcal disease is suspected. There are two clinical forms of meningococcal disease. Ceftriaxone given in a single intramuscular dose is effective in eradicating carriage. Neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of meningitis and septicemia in children and young adults in the united states. To characterize motility in pathogenic neisseria, we studied twitching motility using livecell phase contrast imaging and automated particle tracking of moving bacteria.
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